For this assignment, students are required to interview a total of three people about the experiences as an adolescent (13-17 years of age):
a) Nadine and Sara from Lebanon
b) someone of their choice
Below are the interview questions:
When you were growing up did your mother:
1) have a rule or expectation about your physical appearance: what you wear (including headscarf); how you cut your hair or style it? Rate it on a scale of 1 to 3 where 1= No Rule or Expectation, 2= Implicit/Unspoken Rule or Expectation, 3= Explicit Rule or Expectation. If the interviewee selects #1 and unequivocally states that his or her mother or father does not have a rule, ask: why; why do you think your mother or father does not have a rule? If the interviewee selects #2 0r #3 ask: Describe the rule or expectation? Then ask: How does your mother enforce this rule, make sure you follow the rule? Can you give an example? {Repeat this question for the father.}
2) have a rule or expect that you should or should not be friends with certain types or kinds of people? Rate it on a scale of 1 to 3 where 1= No Rule or Expectation, 2= Implicit/Unspoken Rule or Expectation, 3= Explicit Rule or Expectation. If the interviewee selects #1 and unequivocally states that his or her mother or father does not have a rule, ask: why; why do you think your mother or father does not have a rule? If the interviewee selects #2 0r #3 ask: Describe the rule or expectation. Then ask: How does your mother enforce this rule, make sure you follow the rule? Can you give an example? {Repeat this question for the father.}
3) have a rule or expectation about your future job, choice of an occupation, or career as an adult? Rate it on a scale of 1 to 3 where 1= No Rule or Expectation, 2= Implicit/Unspoken Rule or Expectation, 3= Explicit Rule or Expectation. If the interviewee selects #1 and unequivocally states that his or her mother or father does not have a rule, ask: why; why do you think your mother or father does not have a rule? If the interviewee selects #2 0r #3 ask: Describe the rule or expectation? Then ask: How does your mother enforce this rule? Can you give an example? {Repeat this question for the father.}
4) have a rule or expect that you be home at a certain time from school or when you go out with your friends (curfew)? Rate it on a scale of 1 to 3 where 1= No Rule or Expectation, 2= Implicit/Unspoken Rule or Expectation, 3= Explicit Rule or Expectation. If the interviewee selects #1 and unequivocally states that his or her mother or father does not have a rule, ask: why; why do you think your mother or father does not have a rule? If the interviewee selects #2 0r #3 ask: Describe the rule or expectation? Then ask: How does your mother enforce this rule? Can you give an example? {Repeat this question for the father.}
5) have a rule or expect that you maintain your grades at a certain level? Rate it on a scale of 1 to 3 where 1= No Rule or Expectation, 2= Implicit/Unspoken Rule or Expectation, 3= Explicit Rule or Expectation. If the interviewee selects #1 and unequivocally states that his or her mother or father does not have a rule, ask: why; why do you think your mother or father does not have a rule? If the interviewee selects #2 0r #3 ask: Describe the rule or expectation? Then ask: How does your mother enforce this rule? Can you give an example? {Repeat this question for the father.}
6) have a rule or expectation about you fighting or getting into conflict with your brother or sister? Rate it on a scale of 1 to 3 where 1= No Rule or Expectation, 2= Implicit/Unspoken Rule or Expectation, 3= Explicit Rule or Expectation. If the interviewee selects #1 and unequivocally states that his or her mother or father does not have a rule, ask: why; why do you think your mother or father does not have a rule? If the interviewee selects #2 0r #3 ask: Describe the rule or expectation? Then ask: How does your mother enforce this rule? Can you give an example? {Repeat this question for the father.}
7) have a rule or expectation about dating, such as when you should date and the kind of person you should date? Rate it on a scale of 1 to 3 where 1= No Rule or Expectation, 2= Implicit/Unspoken Rule or Expectation, 3= Explicit Rule or Expectation. If the interviewee selects #1 and unequivocally states that his or her mother or father does not have a rule, ask: why; why do you think your mother or father does not have a rule? If the interviewee selects #2 0r #3 ask: Describe the rule or expectation? Then ask: How does your mother enforce this rule? Can you give an example? {Repeat this question for the father.}
8) have a rule or expect that you follow a certain religion? Rate it on a scale of 1 to 3 where 1= No Rule or Expectation, 2= Implicit/Unspoken Rule or Expectation, 3= Explicit Rule or Expectation. If the interviewee selects #1 and unequivocally states that his or her mother or father does not have a rule, ask: why; why do you think your mother or father does not have a rule? If the interviewee selects #2 0r #3 ask: Describe the rule or expectation? Then ask: How does your mother enforce this rule? Can you give an example? {Repeat this question for the father.}
9) have a rule or expectation about when you should get married or whom you should marry (e.g., marry someone from the same culture or religious group) that you follow a certain religion? Rate it on a scale of 1 to 3 where 1= No Rule or Expectation, 2= Implicit/Unspoken Rule or Expectation, 3= Explicit Rule or Expectation. If the interviewee selects #1 and unequivocally states that his or her mother or father does not have a rule, ask: why; why do you think your mother or father does not have a rule? If the interviewee selects #2 0r #3 ask: Describe the rule or expectation? Then ask: How does your mother enforce this rule? Can you give an example? {Repeat this question for the father.}
10) have a rule or expectation about you lying to her? Rate it on a scale of 1 to 3 where 1= No Rule or Expectation, 2= Implicit/Unspoken Rule or Expectation, 3= Explicit Rule or Expectation. If the interviewee selects #1 and unequivocally states that his or her mother or father does not have a rule, ask: why; why do you think your mother or father does not have a rule? If the interviewee selects #2 0r #3 ask: Describe the rule or expectation? Then ask: How does your mother enforce this rule? Can you give an example? {Repeat this question for the father.}
11) have a rule or expectation about you doing chores? Rate it on a scale of 1 to 3 where 1= No Rule or Expectation, 2= Implicit/Unspoken Rule or Expectation, 3= Explicit Rule or Expectation. If the interviewee selects #1 and unequivocally states that his or her mother or father does not have a rule, ask: why; why do you think your mother or father does not have a rule? If the interviewee selects #2 0r #3 ask: Describe the rule or expectation? Then ask: How does your mother enforce this rule? Can you give an example? {Repeat this question for the father.}
The students from Lebanon have to only answer four of these questions and the other person are able to answer all 11 questions.
Nadine and Sarah’s responses below:
1. Nadine- my mother doesn’t inter directly, but she wants her to look nice. She gives her opinion about what she thinks they can wear. Doesn’t care how her hair looks. Father- doesn’t interfer but she knows that he doesn’t like her wearing shorts
Sara- mom doesn’t have an expectations, because its her own choice. Ofcourse she wants her to have a nicer style in front of family or friends, but gives opinion. Father- general conclusion that every place has its place, like for school she can wear shorts anso fourth
2. Nadine- her mom doesn’t have an expectation, you have to choice your own future. Her mom said not all of her friends can be her close friends but her father wants her to be with nice friends. – father- he wants her to be a doctor but she loves to be a teacher he doesn’t interfere.
Sara- teenagers is a sensitive time period, so her mom advised her who to be friends with. She thinks her father is more complicated about this subject. Her father has more expectation, he wants to know everything about them
3. Nadine- her mother has no rule or expectation
Sara- explicit rule- he doesn’t expect much
4. Nadine- her mom does have a rule. She didn’t want her to go anywhere after school. She needed permission. Her dad didn’t like her go where ever she wanted to go . explicit rule. #3
Sara- explicit rule. At a specific age they had expectations then she learned her limits. They both have explicit rule.
Responses from the other person:
The first question was whether interviewee’s mother had a rule about her physical appearance, including how she usually dressed. I would rate the interviewee’s response at (3) since she indicated that her mother maintained explicit expectations on her physical appearance, which were influenced by her mother’s experience when she was growing up. Joan explained that she was not allowed to wear revealing clothes such as miniskirts. Her hair had to be neatly tied into a bun. Joan explained that her mother made sure she dressed according to her expectations by buying all her clothes for her. She also informed the interviewer that the father was never directly involved with her physical appearance.
Joan’s response to the second question could be ranked at (2) since Joan described her mother as mainly non-intrusive regarding her choice of friends. However, she would be uncomfortable if Joan started hanging out with peers who she suspected were taking drugs. Joan’s parents imposed this unspoken rule through counseling her about drug abuse. Concerning expectation on Joan’s future career Joan’s response would be rated at (3), her parents wished for her to become a nurse like her elder sister. They had been preparing her to take nursing at college. They even dictated the subjects that she took while in high school to ensure she would fit in the nursing school.
Did Joan’s parents impose a curfew on her, regarding her reporting time at home? In regard to this question, the response could be ranked at (3) since Joan explained that every time she went out with friends; her mother demanded that she be home before dusk. To ensure she complied, Joan’s mother would threaten to lock her out of the house if she ever arrived late. Her father, on the other hand, did not have strict restrictions about the time she arrived home unless she came in too late. Concerning Joan’s school grades, the response would be ranked at (3) because her parents explicitly expected her to perform exceptionally well in Chemistry and Mathematics. This was imposed by having a private tutor coach her during the weekends.
Regarding getting into conflict with her siblings, the response could be ranked at (3). Joan’s parents were categorical that fighting with her siblings would not be condoned. Each time she and her siblings got into a conflict, their parents would ground them as punishment. In regard to dating her response could be rated at (3) since she stated that she was not allowed to date boys until she turned eighteen. She, however, allowed spending time with her male friends that were known to her parents. Joan’s parents are non-strict Christians and as a result, this answer could be rated at (3). This is because they did not have explicit expectations about her allegiance to Christianity. As children, Joan and her siblings were taken to church every once in a while so they could learn basic Christian values.
Do Joan’s parents have expectations regarding her choice of marriage partner and the right time for her to get married? Her response could be ranked at (3) since Joan stated that her parents did not have restrictions on who she could marry when the time came. However, they insisted that she would need to complete college first before getting married. Joan’s elder sister did not get married until she graduated from nursing school. Her parents explicitly maintained that she must follow in her sister’s footsteps. Both Joan’s parents strongly discouraged the habit of lying to them. They encouraged Joan and her siblings to be truthful always.
Lastly in relation to performing various tasks at home, Joan’s response could be ranked at (3) since she was clear that parents insisted on her performing various chores at home. Her parents did not hire house helps to carry out certain duties such as doing laundry and cooking. They desired to raise their children as all round people.
Your job in this assignment is to answer these major 4 questions using the interview responses from these three people.
1. Categorize the specific practices from the two interviews (one with group member and one with someone outside of class) into the conceptual parenting dimensions (see Appendix C) for each of the 11 interview questions for mother and father. Appendix C contains the table of specific practices that have been conceptually categorized into 5 dimensions: nondemanding, rational-demanding, coercive demanding, punishment, and responsive. Categorize the parenting practices of mothers and fathers separately for the two interviews.
2. Did you find “new” parenting practices that were not in Appendix C? If so, can these new practices be categorized in the existing 5 parenting dimensions? If the new practices cannot be categorized into any of the 5 parenting dimensions, how would you characterize this new practice? Is another parenting dimension needed for this new practice? Explain by referring to evidence from the readings, lecture, or by offering a logical argument (please avoid opinion).
3. Now that you have categorized the parenting practices into dimensions, what parenting style would you say the mother and father have? Describe and explain for each of the two interviews. Make sure to refer to the readings and the lectures to support your parenting style categorization. Describe and explain the discrepancies you may have found with the practices that do not fit into the pre-existing dimensions. How would you characterize the parenting style of parents with practices and dimensions that do not fit into the pre-existing categories?
4. Based on the interview, speculate and discuss how 6 of the parenting practices (3 for mother and 3 for father) employed to the regulate the 6 issues your group partner and the person outside of class reported would affect the outcome the parent would achieve in enforcing a particular rule {e.g., would yelling, shaming, or ignoring deter or increase smoking?}. Explain why you think positive, negative, or no outcome could result. Could some practices yield both positive and negative results? Would the same practice have different outcomes if the mother versus the father were employing it? What other alternative parenting practice, parent behavior (e.g., modeling), adolescent variable (e.g., temperament), family variable (number of siblings, parental level of education), parent-child relationship variable (e.g., level of conflict and cohesion), and cultural value could contribute to a positive outcome with respect to enforcement of the 3 issues? Analyze a total of 6 practices, three practices for the mother and three for the father from the two interviews.
Appendix C
Conceptual Dimensions of Parenting Practices
Non Demanding Rational Demanding Coercive Demanding Punishment Responsive
Parent Unavailable (e.g., not at home or at work) Demands/requires after explanation Yells Removal of privileges Rewards with material objects
Other parent enforces Reminds & expects compliance Interrogation (asking repeated questions but not believing adolescents’ answers) Grounding Gives positive encouragement/motivate
Child old enough to self-regulate Admonishes with concern/worry Makes adolescent feel guilty Depriving Praises/shows approval
Suggests action/decision but leaves it to child to decide Parent separates adolescent from peers/sibs (e.g., to end conflict) Teases/makes fun/calls names Slapping/hitting Asks questions and believes adolescent’s word
Allows child to experience natural consequences Uses reason/explanation to convince adolescent Shames **Adolescent complies is trusted by parent
Parent agrees with other parent who regulates Monitoring (keeps track of friends, activities during the day) Demands/requires without reason/explanation Tries to convince child that parent can be trusted; adolescent should not be afraid of parent’s reaction
Modeling (parents’ own behavior is a guide to child’s behavior; adolescent learns by watching parent behavior— both positive and negative) Requires child to redress/correct negative outcomes Takes physical measures (e.g., takes away clothes)
Physically supervises activity
Threatens negative consequences
Other: Parent Shows irritation/frustration; Parent looks disappointed
**A practice that is nondemanding but has been placed in the responsive dimension because it is based on adolescent competence not parental shortcoming or inability to regulate
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