Write a paper (5-6 pages double space) using the theories and concepts discussed in our class to reflect on the simulation and instigate factors that caused success or failure for the international organizations.
my group is presenting the Local politician of Rutania and we agreed that the UN will stay for two elections and our needs: we need economic support and security advises from them for the army and we don’t want any third party to stay(US) to prevent any self interest (oil) since there is no government we can not take criminals or war lords to trial because it takes to long but we decided to take only war lords and dangerous criminals to international courts and the rest is going to trial after the elections.
Reflective peace-building: The Dilemma of International Exit
This activity addresses the following questions:
When should international actors exit from a post-war intervention? Can international organizations leave behind a rebuilt police service that protects human rights instead of oppressing people?
BBC World News Information on the Conflict in Rutania
(Note: Rutania is a fictitious country)
Rutania has emerged in 2013 from a brutal civil war in which 100,000 people died over 5 years. After the NATO military intervention, the United Nations received a mandate to administer the territory and to build democratic institutions that are able to provide security and rule of law. Their overall mission is to prevent the resurgence of conflict through functioning democratic institutions and bureaucracies. When the UN mission in Rutania (UNMIR) established itself in 2013, there was no functioning police force to ensure security, or courts to administer justice. Paramilitary forces connected to different military commanders killed with impunity after the war, but the level of violence has decreased significantly one year later. NATO military forces remained on the ground, but they relied on political solutions to the conflict. Polls indicate that the majority of the population in Rutania welcomed the UN mission and viewed it as more legitimate than government by local warlords. However, the majority of the people have high expectations that the international community will provide for their safety and public services until they have a functioning national government.
Rutania is a poor Mediterranean country that has no tradition of democracy from the past. It is an ethnically divided state, where politicians often make appeals to their own ethnic groups instead of the whole country. Oil has been discovered in the Rutanian coastline that could lead major revenues for the state. However, it is unclear if the oil will be managed properly, or will lead to massive mismanagement and corruption that will line up the pockets of elites only, while leaving the people scrambling for survival.
The United Nations, with the cooperation of the European Union and the United States, has made many decisions in the first year. The mission asked all the different political groups, including former warlords, to stop fighting, collaborate with the international mission, and prepare for democratic elections. Through a package of early retirement, or job re-training, the mission managed to demilitarize the main paramilitary groups. Former military commanders have now become politicians who now proclaim a respect for democracy and human dignity. However, human rights organizations report that moderate Rutanians are afraid to criticize some of the leaders for corruption, because they will be called “traitors.” Representatives of international organizations have hired and trained local officials in the police services, central administration, courts, and customs services. These new local police officers and customs officers are already operating in the administration.
Local political elites are clamoring for fast transfer of authority to them. The UN mission has already decided to hold elections within six months, by the two year anniversary of the end of war. The United Nations is calling for a meeting of a coordinating committee that includes representatives of international organizations, local politicians, and NGO representatives in a consultative position. The goal of the meeting is to come up with an exit strategy for the international community. While civil war has stopped, there is sporadic political violence, and perpetrators are not caught. International and local actors fear the violent conflict may recur if effective democratic institutions are not in place.
Role-play instructions
This is the first meeting in a series of discussions that will produce a recommendation for the various international actors. Your group should prepare a statement on the following:
When should the international mission transfer authority to the elected government to manage the police, the customs service that brings revenue to the state, the central administration, and the courts?
Reflective peace-building:
Before and after the role-play, ask yourself these questions:
What is your goal?
How will you achieve this goal? What activities or actions do you need to take?
Why are your goals going to be achieved this way?
How will you know that your goals have been achieved? Which indicators will you use?
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