more than one headword corresponding to your word, discuss each one separately.). Note that the
OED divides senses into main senses (numbered) and subsenses (lettered). Describe both, if
there are any. Eg, for a word with two main senses, one of which has three subsenses and the
other of which has two, you might write, “The word ‘XX’ has two main senses in the OED. The
first sense has three subsenses, while the second has two subsenses.” If you don’t see any
numbered or lettered definitions, there’s only one sense; report that. If this is confusing to you,
see the more detailed instructions I just put up.
b) Look up your word in at least one other dictionary, e.g. the American Heritage Dictionary or
Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary. Do the definitions given in that dictionary match one (or more) of
the definitions given in the OED? Are there any definitions that are NOT found in the OED? If
yes, do your own intuitions about/experience with the words’ meaning match the OED or the
other dictionary better? Are there any senses of the word that you yourself know of that are not
represented in any of the dictionaries you looked in? If so, write a formal definition for that sense
as best you can, and provide examples illustrating the word being used with that meaning from
some source, e.g. a book, magazine, newspaper, internet website or conversation.
c) Looking at the OED senses for your word: Has that word’s meaning changed over time? If so,
discuss how it has changed. Describe when each new meaning came into use, and whether any of
those meanings have fallen out of use or become obsolete. If relevant, use concepts from Chapter
4, section 4.8, like ‘narrowing’, ‘broadening’, ‘amelioration’, ‘pejoration,’ etc. Can you imagine a
connection between the older meanings and the newer meanings, or do they seem unrelated?
–> For borrowed words only: What was their meaning in the source language? Do the English
meanings correspond closely to the original meaning, or have the English meanings drifted/
changed from the meaning in the source language?
d) Discuss the grammatical semantic properties of each word, depending on its lexical
categories, as follows:
1. For verbs: –> Is your verb intransitive, transitive, or ditransitive? Discuss briefly with
reference to examples.
(keep in mind that different senses of the same verb might be
different!)
–> What theta roles does it assign? Discuss briefly with reference to examples.
(Again, different senses of the same verb might be different!)
For example, you might write something like this: “The verb ‘sing’ has both an intransitive use,
as in ‘I sang’, and transitive use, as in ‘I sang The Star Spangled Banner.’ In both cases, the subject
of the verb is an Agent, as the subject is the doer of the singing action. In the transitive form, the
object of the verb is the Theme, as the action is being done to it.”
2. For nouns: –> Is your noun a count noun or a mass noun? Discuss briefly with reference to
examples.
(again keep in mind that different senses of the same noun might
be different!)
For example, you might write something like this: “The noun ‘chicken’ can be either a count
noun, in its sense referring to the domesticated bird, or a mass noun, in its sense referring to the
meat of that bird. For example, in a sentence like ‘I saw two chickens’, referring to the birds, we
can see it is a count noun because it can be marked plural and occur with a numeral. When it
refers to the meat, however, we can say ‘I didn’t buy much chicken’, or ‘Chicken needs to be
completely cooked’, illustrating that it has the properties of a mass noun, occuring with the
determiner ‘much’, as in the first sentence, and also occurring without any article or determiner at
all, as in the second sentence.”

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