According to the Divine Command Theory,
what makes morally obligatory actions morally obligatory and immoral actions immoral? State the
question that helps clarify the position of the Divine Command theorists. What answer would the
theorists give? Explain the seven problems with the theory. Hints: ‘evil’, ‘test’, ‘Bible’, ‘disputes’, ‘torture’
and ‘praiseworthy’.
Explain the six problems with
the theory. (If you use ‘altruism’, explain what it means.) Hints: ‘duty’, ‘foresight’, ‘public guides’,
‘flourishing’, ‘considered moral intuitions’, ‘recreational’ and ‘unacceptably’.
What is Engel trying to show or prove in his article? Does his reasoning depend on a specific moral
theory? Explain. What is Engel trying to accomplish with the five numbered examples on 870-2?
Explain the examples. Hints: ‘energy intensive’, ‘inefficient’, ‘100,000 litres’, ‘nutrients’, ‘erosion’, ‘1
billion tons’ and ‘groundwater’.
Explain Engel’s evaluation of the following objections: A Utilitarian Gambit, The “Free Range” Fantasy,
and Consistency: The Two-Edged Sword. What does Engel say in the final paragraph of the article (pp.
887-8)? Hints: ‘thugs’, ‘p17′, ‘gustatory’, ‘1.3 billion’, ‘90%’, ‘p14′, ‘nutritious’ and ‘truth’.
What is Rachels trying to accomplish in “Do Animals Have Rights?” What does he mean by ‘human
rights’? What is his method and what does he say about it? Give a detailed account of what he says
about the right not to be tortured, the right to worship, and the right to property. In ‘The Right to Liberty’,
what are two clear examples Rachels gives of humans needlessly harming the interests of animals?
Hints: ‘virtues’, ‘limitation’, ‘UDHR’, ‘mathematics’, ‘natural right’ and ‘squirrel’.
What does Bentham say in sections I-VI of Chapter I: Of The Principle of Utility? What does he say in
sections I-VI of Chapter IV: Value of a Lot of Pleasure or Pain, How to be Measured? Explain two
problems with Bentham’s theory. Hints: ‘community’, ‘remoteness’, ‘certainty’, ‘purity’, ‘fecundity’, and
‘intensity’.
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