Question Diocletian attempted to prevent rebellion in the Roman Empire by

A Redistributing imperial defense among local militia

B Entering into treaties with bordering states

C Removing the distinction between “better people” and “humbler people”

D Separating civil and military authority in the provinces

Question: Roman morality primarily emphasized

A A personal relationship with the gods

B Virtue, faithfulness, and respect

C Power, status, and wealth

D Democracy, equality, and generosity

Question: Muhammad changed his attitude toward the Jews because they refused to

A Pay the zakat

B Recognize him as a prophet and convert

C Take part in the battle of Badr

D Resettle in either Mecca or Medina

Question: Concerns about national security and a desire for wealth led the Romans to

A Undertake expansionist campaigns against their neighbors

B Arrange foreign marriages in the hope of creating ties with their neighbors

C Negotiate defensive treaties with all of Rome’s major trading partners

D Establish temples to all the major gods of the most powerful foreign nations

Question: The Hijra was

A A tax levied on nonbelievers living in an Islamic state

B The chief religious official of Islam

C Muhammad’s departure from Mecca for Medina

D The religious court that decided cases of alleged blasphemy

Question: The Umayyad caliphate’s (r. c. 661–750) policy toward Christians and Jews was

A Toleration and protection, but these groups had to pay a special tax

B Banishment from the lands of Islam

C A choice between conversion and death

D To kill males and sell females into slavery

Question: The First Triumvirate of Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar formed in 60 BCE when

A The three men teamed up for an assault on Egypt

B Spartacus’s slave army threatened to overrun Rome

C The Senate’s challenge to Pompey forced him into a coalition with his two greatest rivals

D The Senate recognized that the empire had grown too large for only two consuls

Question: The poet Ovid (43 BCE–17 CE), fell out of favor with Augustus in 8 BCE when he

A Published the irreverent and bawdy Art of Love

B Refused to write a poem praising the first ten years of Augustus’s reign

C Became involved in a scandal with Augustus’s granddaughter

D Criticized Augustus’s transformation of government in Metamorphoses

Question: Which of the following is not a reason for the practice of iconoclasm?

A Icons violated biblical injunctions against graven images

B The Muslims believed they succeeded in battle because they avoided images of humans

C Monasteries holding icons undermined the emperor’s place in Christianity  ?

D They drained the economy by pouring money into art instead of useful commodities

Question: The Roman legend known as the “Rape of the Sabine Women” illustrates

A The Roman belief that one man can make a decisive difference in the course of his nation’s history

B Rome’s tradition of absorbing different peoples into its citizen body, a practice that helped make Rome a world power

C The Romans’ reverence for virtuous matrons and their dedication to justice

D The Romans’ wanton disregard for women, whom they treated little better than slaves

Question: What was the main tactic used by the plebeians to force the patricians to make political and economic concessions?

A They went “on strike,” withdrawing from the city and refusing to work or engage in military service

B They invaded patrician estates and freed their slaves

C They instructed their tribunes to veto every measure that the patricians strove to pass in the assembly

D They rioted, destroying a significant part of the Roman forum

Question: Augustus fulfilled his role as Rome’s patron by providing

A The first public fire department in Western history

B Free public baths for the poor

C Free medical care for all children

D A mail system for Rome and the Italian peninsula

Question: The Roman governor Pontius Pilate (r. 26–36 CE) executed Jesus of Nazareth because

A He felt offended by Jesus’ teachings, which criticized deeply held notions of social hierarchy

B He feared that Jesus harbored political aspirations and might incite a Jewish revolt

C Jesus had argued that the Roman Empire was fundamentally corrupt and that Jews should refuse to pay taxes

D All of the above

Question: During the Roman republic, the political career of a patrician typically consisted of

A Achieving success in business or agriculture, financing a shrine or other public building, then being elected, in succession, to the offices of aedile, consul, and, finally, pontifex maximus

B Military service, an appointment to the Senate, and then being elected, in succession, to the offices of censor, tribune, and, finally, consul

C Military service, and then being elected, in succession, to the offices of quaestor, aedile, praetor, and, finally, consul

D Military service culminating in a generalship, and then being elected, in succession, to the offices of quaestor, censor, and, finally, consul or pontifex maximus

Question: One fundamental difference between slavery in Rome and in Greece was that

A Roman men could raise their children by female slaves as legitimate children and heirs

B Greeks tended not to enslave other Greeks, but Romans preferred Italian-born slaves

C Roman slaves gained citizenship with their freedom, but Greek slaves did not

D Greek slaves had some legal protections against abuse, but Roman slaves did not

Question: The office of tribune differed from most other political offices because

A It was established to serve and protect the plebeian order, not all of society

B Former slaves who had served in the military could stand for election as tribunes

C It was the only official position that had been retained from the era of the monarchy

D Senators were eligible to be elected to the post

Question: Which of the following accurately compares Spain and Italy regarding ecclesiastical authority?

A In Spain, bishops supported their kings, whereas in Italy, the papacy was forever at odds with neighboring monarchs

B The Spanish bishops opposed their king, whom they blamed for the Muslim invasion, whereas the pope supported the Lombard king as a bulwark against Byzantine influence

C The Spanish were more receptive than the Italians to the teachings of the Catholic church, with its emphasis on asceticism

D The papacy consisted of a highly organized hierarchy, whereas the Spanish church was merely a loose collection of parishes

Question: Between 630 and 730, the Byzantine Empire

A Revived the urban lifestyle of the Roman Empire

B Lost much of its territory to invading Islamic armies

C Recognized the bishop of Rome as the leader of all Christendom

D Ordered all official documents to be written in Latin instead of Greek

Question: Roman Christianity’s organization was based on bishops’ and archbishops’ control of territorial units called

A Abbeys

B Shires

C Themes

D Dioceses

Question: Theodoric ruled from 493 to 526 over an Ostrogoth kingdom that

A Tried to maintain the Roman Empire’s prestige by retaining elements of its rule, such as the Senate

B Sought to eliminate all reminders of Roman rule in order to emphasize the power of the new king

C Was supposedly ruled by the puppet emperor Romulus Augustulus

D Forcibly converted its inhabitants to Arian Christianity

Question: When Diocletian came to power in 284, he indicated his autocratic intentions by

A Rreplacing the title princeps with dominus, the term that slaves called their masters

B Proclaiming himself the head of the state and of the Christian church

C Eliminating the Senate, consuls, and all other vestiges of republican rule

D Appointing only fellow Dalmatians to important positions

Question: Which of the following was not a reason that Christianity was attractive after the reign of Constantine?

A Christianity’s new official status attracted believers in the military, who no longer faced a conflict between serving the state and serving Christ

B Christian merchants, who could now be open about their faith, offered lower prices to fellow Christians

C Christianity offered people a strong sense of community with co-religionists

D Christianity’s adherents took up charitable works and philanthropy

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