Part 1
A. Define the term “selectively toxic.” Why is it an important feature of antimicrobial
agents?

B. What are broad and narrow spectrum antimicrobials? What are the pros and cons of
each?

C. What is direct selection?

D. What is the difference between and antibiotic and an antimicrobial chemical?

E. What is the mode of action for each of the following:
a. Bacitracin:
b. Nystatin:
c. Tetracycline:
d. Ciprofloxin:

F. Describe three mechanisms by microbes might become resistant to the action of an
antimicrobial drug?

G. Why do you think that neglecting to finish a prescribed course of antibiotics might
contribute to the rise of antibiotic resistance?

H. What is a tube dilution test, how is it used to determine susceptibility?

I. Define the following:
a. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)
b. Zone of Inhibition

J. What were the results of your Kirby-Bauer test for S. epidermidis?

Part 2

A. List five environments in which you are likely to find microbial life.

B. What is the difference between and autotroph and a heterotrophy?

C. Define the following:
• Photoautotroph
• Photoheterotroph
• Chemoautotroph
• Chemoheterotroph

D. How plentiful are bacteria in water? In soil?

E. What is nitrogen fixation? What role do microbes play?

F. How do microbes contribute to soil fertility?

G. Describe what type of growth you observed in your “air” dish (number of colonies,
shape, color, defining characteristics, etc.).

H. Describe what type of growth you observed in your “soil” dish (number of
colonies, shape, color, defining characteristics, etc.).

I. Describe what type of growth you observed in your “water” dish (number of
colonies, shape, color, defining characteristics, etc.).

J. Did you see the same or different type of microbes in each dish? Explain your
answer.

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