cell phones and smart phones.

PDAs.

portable computers.

All of the above

Music and video

Mobile games

Mobile gambling

All of the above

mobile devices, network access points, and servers.

WAP gateways, GPS locators, and GPS satellites.

PDAs, smartphones, and PCs.

web servers, mobile devices, and microbrowsers.

brick-and-mortar retailers.

virtual or pure-play companies.

click-and-mortar retailers.

channel partners.

spamming.

invasion of privacy.

theft of intellectual property.

security.

market maker.

transaction broker.

content disseminator.

viral marketer.

the policy of least privilege, where access to network resources is blocked and permitted only when needed to conduct business.

the policy of acceptable use, where access is restricted by the firewall.

role-specific security protocols, where access is limited by a user’s level of trust.

the policy of need to know, where access by all nonemployees is blocked.

access control determines which persons, programs, or machines can legitimately use a network resource and which resources he, she, or it can use.

access control lists (ACLs) define users’ rights, such as what they are allowed to read, view, write, print, copy, delete, execute, modify, or move.

all resources need to be considered together to identify the rights of users or categories of users.

after a user has been identified, the user must be authenticated.