REL 101
Hugh
Review Questions: Chapter 10 – 13
Chapter 10 – Judaism
1) Why is the Exodus considered the most important event in Judaism? How did it affect the development of Judaism?
The Exodus considered the most important event in Judaism because the escape of the hebrews from egyptian slavery. the exodus not only formed the people of Israel into nation, it also shaped the Jewish people’s image of God as the God of history.

2) How did the religion of Israel change when David became king? What role did prophets play during this period of Hebrew monarchy?

3) What were some of the developments that arose during the period of the second temple?
4) What was the diaspora, and what effect did it have on Jews’ concept of God and their institutions of worship?
5) How did the development and spread of Islam during the medieval era affect Judaism?
6) By the end of the fifteenth century, Jews were made to feel unwelcome in nearly every European nation. As a result, where did they settle and what were the living conditions like in these new lands?
7) One of the responses to modernity was the rise of Reform Judaism. What are the characteristics of Reform Judaism?
8) List four major divisions within modern Judaism. Explain how they differ from one another.
a. Orthodox Jews – strive to preserve traditional Jewish culture and religion and resist the secularizing elements of modernity.
b. Reform Judaism – popular mainly in United States and Europe. Reform emphasizes the universality of traditional Jewish values, interfaith Dialogue, and social activism.
c. Conservative movement – in between orthodox and the reform which arose in the nineteenth century led by Sabato Morais. it is firmly rooted in the rabbinical tradition but more relaxed in matters of religious practice than is the Orthodox movement. it is distinguished from Orthodox but greater concern with the historical and critical study of the Bible and rabbinical material.
d. Reconstructionist Judaism – grew out of the conservative movement. the founder understood the Judaism is not only a religion but a culture with its own history, laws and arts. therefore, it is not enough to practice Judaism as a religion, the entire Jewish culture must be study and experience. the reconstructionists provide complete support to the state of Israel as the home of Jewish culture.

9) Describe three of the important Jewish holidays and their significance
a. Sabbath – one of the most important Jewish holiday. Judaism gave the world 6 days work week and the 7th day reserved for worship and rest. Sabbath begins on Friday at sundown until sundown on Saturday. The sabbath ushered in with the Kiddush, the benediction over wine or bread and the lighting and blessing of Sabbath candles by the woman of the house on friday night.
b. Passover (Pesach) – holiday begins on the fifteenth of the Hebrew month of Nisan which is March-April and lasts for 8 days. it commemorates the deliverance of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt. The Jewish family gathers for a ritual meal called Seder on the first two nights. the food associated with the Exodus are eaten as the family engages in rituals that recall the Exodus.
c. Rosh Hashanah – the Jewish New year. it is celebrated on the first and second days of the month of Tishre which is September to October. they days of Rosh Hashanah were also say to be the first days of creation. it is celebrated by special prayers and eating sweets in the hope of good year to come.

10) Explain the importance of the Nazi Holocaust to Jewish thinking. Discuss the state Israel as a response to the Holocaust
Chapter 11 – Christianity
1) Discuss Christianity as a product of first-century Judaism and the Greco-Roman world
2) In the production of the New Testament, which section was likely to have been written first? When were the Gospel written?
3) What form did worship take in the early church? What were some of the rites that originated at this time that are still present in Christianity today?
4) What were the reasons for the ascendancy of the papacy in the early years of Christianity?
5) What are the major differences between Eastern Orthodox and Western Christianity?
6) List several causes of the Reformation
7) List three modern day Christian movements or denominations and describe their main characteristics
a. Modern Movements –
b. Missionary Movements –
c. Ecumenical Movements –
8) Easter is the oldest and most widely accepted holiday in the Christian calendar. What are the events that lead up to this holiday and why is it so significant to Christians?

9) What are the challenges faced by the Christian community in the twenty-first century?

Chapter 12 – Islam
1) What were some characteristics of basic pre-Islamic religion?
2) After a series of revelations, Muhammad began to lay the foundation for Islam. How did the religion take shape under Muhammad? Was Islam universally accepted from the beginning? Why or why not?
3) Briefly summarize the basic teachings of the Qur’an
4) List the five pillars or duties of a good Muslim
5) What were the reasons for the rapid expansion of Islam throughout the Middle East, India, China and Central and Southern Asia in the century after the death of the Prophet?
6) What is the significance of the caliphate in the history of Islam? What roles have caliphs played throughout the years?
7) Summarize the different divisions within Islam. How are they different?
8) What were some of the reasons for the slowness with moved out the Middle Ages and into an industrial age?

9) What are the holy days in Islam and what is their significance?
a. Eid al-Fitr (feast of fast breaking) – first day of Shawwal, the month after ramadan, celebrate a return to normal life after the prolonged fast. feast last for 3 days. Muslim exchange gifts, visit friends and relatives and pay respect to the death.
b. Eid al-Adha(feast of Sacrifice) – this feast comes on the tenth of dhul-Hijjah, the month of pilgrimage. this celebration is to remember the time Abraham commanded to sacrifice his son Ishmael. during this day, head of the household have to kill an animal and provide a feast, some food is given to the needy in community.
c. New Year – the month of Muharram is the beginning of the Muslim year. also celebrated because it is belived to have been the month of the Hijra.
d. Maelid an-Nabi (birthday of Muhammad) – celebration for the birth of Muhammad on the twelfth day of the third month. there are processions, feasts and special community prayers in many place during this day.

10) What are some challenges facing Muslims and Islam today?
Islam has become an increasingly force in world politics. many of the Third world nation are Muslim and these nations are important to the world economy because they control vital natural resources. also, Islam is a growing religion in many parts of the world due to immigration of worker from Muslim nations to other non Muslim nations.
Chapter 13 – Baha’i
1) How did Baha’i originate? How is it governed today?
Baha’i grew out of the Shi’ite branch of Islam. it was founded in Iran during the mid-19th century by a young Iranian named Mirza Hoseyn Ali Nuri who know as Baha’u’llah which means the glory of God.

2) How is Baha’i different form the Shi’ite branch of Islam? What is the basic belief system of Baha’i?

3) What are some of the regulations that govern the daily life of someone who practices Baha’i? How is Baha’i worship different from other religions?
4) What are the two major Baha’i holy days or feasts?
a. feast of New Year – celebrate on march 21
b. feast of Ridvan – celebrate btween April 21 and May 2. Ridvan commemorates Baha’u’llah’s declaration that he was the promised one.
c. Birth of Baha’u’llah – celebrated on November 12

5) What are some of the challenges faced by Baha’i practitioners today?
Baha’i faith has been subjected to persecution in its beginning to eliminate Baha’i faith from Iran. In Iran, the land of its birth, Baha’i is considered heretics. this rejection by many Muslim is based on the Baha’i belief in a divine revelation coming after Muhammad. Baha’i is now forbidden to organize in Iran and all church property is under government control due to the religion was officially outlawed after the Islamic revolution of 1979 in Iran.

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