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Reasons firms may choose to announce pro forma earnings as an alternative to earnings

MAA310 Accounting and Society
Individual essay

Weighting: 25%
Word limit: 3000 words(excluding references and abstract/executive summary)
_______________________________________
Background:
“Cleaning and catering contractor Spotless Group declared its first dividend since returning to the ASX as it reported a 23.6 per cent rise in pro forma profit to $60.2 million.”(Binsted, 2015)

Companies often disclose financial performance information that is not measured in accordance with the relevant accounting standards in their annual reports and in market announcements. The numbers reported are often referred to as pro forma earnings (or underlying profit or normalised earnings). Regulators have expressed concern that pro forma earnings can mislead users of financial statements (James and Michello, 2010).

Required:
You are required to write an essaywhich:
1. Defines pro forma earnings.
2. Explains the reasons firms may choose to announce pro forma earnings as an alternative to earnings (net profit after tax) calculated using Australian accounting standards.
3. Discusses the advantages and disadvantages for shareholders of firms’ reporting pro forma earnings rather than net profit after tax.
4. Discusses whether shareholders perceive pro forma earnings to be value-relevant.
5. Provides your opinion on whether firms should be prohibited from reporting pro forma earnings. You must justify your opinion.
Additional information:
• You are expected to undertake research in order to complete this task. Use a minimum of five (peer-reviewed) academic or professional articles (in addition to the references listed below).
• A word count must be included. Students exceeding the word limit by more than 10% will incur a mark penalty.
• You are expected to comply with the Harvard referencing style

• Students must submit a properly referenced assignment. This includes in-text citations and a reference list.
• You must keep a copy of your submission until your marked assignment is returned.
• This assignment is an individual assignment.
__________________________________________

References:
Binsted, T. (2015). Spotless eyes acquisitions among the resources wreck. The Age (24 February 2015)

James, K. L., &Michello, F. A. (2010). Pro forma versus GAAP reporting: An examination of differences in investor perceptions. Journal of Finance and Accountancy, 2, 1-16.

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